Intel® 64 architecture delivers 64-bit computing on server, workstation, desktop and mobile platforms when combined with supporting software.¹ Intel 64 architecture improves performance by allowing systems to address more than 4 GB of both virtual and physical memory.
Intel® 64 provides support for:
.64-bit flat virtual address space
·64-bit pointers
·64-bit wide general purpose registers
·64-bit integer support
·Up to one terabyte (TB) of platform address space
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost
Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost is a feature that significantly improves performance when executing Intel® Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE/SSE2/SSE3) instructions.
They accelerate a broad range of applications, including video, speech and image, photo processing, encryption, financial, engineering and scientific applications. Intel Advanced Digital Media Boost feature enables these 128-bit instructions to be completely executed at a throughput rate of one per clock cycle, effectively doubling, on a per clock basis, the speed of execution for these instructions as compared to previous generations.
They accelerate a broad range of applications, including video, speech and image, photo processing, encryption, financial, engineering and scientific applications. Intel Advanced Digital Media Boost feature enables these 128-bit instructions to be completely executed at a throughput rate of one per clock cycle, effectively doubling, on a per clock basis, the speed of execution for these instructions as compared to previous generations.
Intel® Smart Memory Access
Intel Smart Memory Access improves system performance by optimizing the use of the available data bandwidth from the memory subsystem and hiding the latency of memory accesses.
Intel Smart Memory Access includes an important new capability called "memory disambiguation," which increases the efficiency of out-of-order processing by providing the execution cores with the built-in intelligence to speculatively load data for instructions that are about to execute before all previous store instructions are executed.
·Inside Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture and Smart Memory Access (PDF 183KB)
Intel Smart Memory Access includes an important new capability called "memory disambiguation," which increases the efficiency of out-of-order processing by providing the execution cores with the built-in intelligence to speculatively load data for instructions that are about to execute before all previous store instructions are executed.
·Inside Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture and Smart Memory Access (PDF 183KB)
Intel® Advanced Smart Cache
The Intel Advanced Smart Cache is a multi-core optimized cache that significantly reduces latency to frequently used data, thus improving performance and efficiency by increasing the probability that each execution core of a multi-core processor can access data from a high-performance, more efficient cache subsystem.
·Demo: How Intel® Advanced Smart Cache Works - Intel® Advanced Smart Cache increases the probability that each execution core can access data from the faster, more efficient cache subsystem
·Demo: How Intel® Advanced Smart Cache Works - Intel® Advanced Smart Cache increases the probability that each execution core can access data from the faster, more efficient cache subsystem
Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution
First implemented in the P6 microarchitecture, Intel Wide Dynamic Execution is a combination of techniques (data flow analysis, speculative execution, out of order execution, and super scalar) that enables the processor to execute more instructions on parallel, so tasks are completed more quickly.
Intel significantly enhances this capability with Intel Wide Dynamic Execution. It enables delivery of more instructions per clock cycle to improve execution time and energy efficiency. Every execution core is 33 percent wider than previous generations, allowing each core to fetch, dispatch, execute and retire up to four full instructions simultaneously. Further efficiencies include more accurate branch prediction, deeper instruction buffers for greater execution flexibility, and additional features to reduce execution time.¹
Combined, Intel Wide Dynamic Execution enables increased instruction execution efficiency, thus increasing performance and energy efficiency.
Intel significantly enhances this capability with Intel Wide Dynamic Execution. It enables delivery of more instructions per clock cycle to improve execution time and energy efficiency. Every execution core is 33 percent wider than previous generations, allowing each core to fetch, dispatch, execute and retire up to four full instructions simultaneously. Further efficiencies include more accurate branch prediction, deeper instruction buffers for greater execution flexibility, and additional features to reduce execution time.¹
Combined, Intel Wide Dynamic Execution enables increased instruction execution efficiency, thus increasing performance and energy efficiency.
Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture
Intel® Core™ microarchitecture is the foundation for new Intel® architecture-based desktop, mobile, and mainstream server multi-core processors. This state-of-the-art, multi-core optimized microarchitecture delivers a number of new and innovative features that have set new standards for energy-efficient performance.
Generating efficiency improvements across platforms
With its high performance and energy efficiency, Intel Core microarchitecture is the basis for many new solutions and form factors.
In the home, these include high performing, ultra-quiet, sleek and energy-efficient computer designs and more sophisticated, user-friendly entertainment systems.
For IT, you can get reduced footprints, lower power and thermal burdens in server data centers, increased responsiveness, productivity and energy efficiency across client and server platforms.
For mobile users, Intel Core microarchitecture means greater computer performance and battery life enabling a variety of small form factors that enable world-class computing "on the go."
Generating efficiency improvements across platforms
With its high performance and energy efficiency, Intel Core microarchitecture is the basis for many new solutions and form factors.
In the home, these include high performing, ultra-quiet, sleek and energy-efficient computer designs and more sophisticated, user-friendly entertainment systems.
For IT, you can get reduced footprints, lower power and thermal burdens in server data centers, increased responsiveness, productivity and energy efficiency across client and server platforms.
For mobile users, Intel Core microarchitecture means greater computer performance and battery life enabling a variety of small form factors that enable world-class computing "on the go."
Intel Energy Efficient Performance
While the world has less energy to spare, the need for greater energy-efficient performance becomes increasingly important. But this does not decrease the demand for more powerful compute capabilities. To address this, Intel is delivering new hardware and software innovations that translate into extraordinary computer experiences.
Architecture innovation
Intel weighs every feature added to our next-generation microarchitecture against a strict power/performance ratio-a feature being added must not add more than a one percent power gain for a less than three percent power cost.¹
By measuring the benefit of the performance gain against the cost of power use, Intel is able to design new microarchitecture to deliver greater power efficiency at any power envelope.¹
Building computing headroom and performance that enables a smaller footprint and decreased power demands, Intel® microarchitecture enables new power-conscious design features, including:
Architecture innovation
Intel weighs every feature added to our next-generation microarchitecture against a strict power/performance ratio-a feature being added must not add more than a one percent power gain for a less than three percent power cost.¹
By measuring the benefit of the performance gain against the cost of power use, Intel is able to design new microarchitecture to deliver greater power efficiency at any power envelope.¹
Building computing headroom and performance that enables a smaller footprint and decreased power demands, Intel® microarchitecture enables new power-conscious design features, including:
Intel® Turbo Boost Technology
Intel® Turbo Boost Technology is one of the many exciting new features that Intel has built into latest-generation Intel® microarchitecture (codenamed Nehalem). It automatically allows processor cores to run faster than the base operating frequency if it's operating below power, current, and temperature specification limits.
Dynamically increasing performance
As an independent and complimentary feature, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) along with Intel Turbo Boost Technology increases performance of both multi-threaded and single threaded workloads. Intel Turbo Boost Technology is activated when the Operating System (OS) requests the highest processor performance state (P0).
The maximum frequency of Intel® Turbo Boost Technology is dependent on the number of active cores. The amount of time the processor spends in the Intel Turbo Boost Technology state depends on the workload and operating environment, providing the performance you need, when and where you need it.
Any of the following can set the upper limit of Intel Turbo Boost Technology on a given workload:
·Number of active cores
·Estimated current consumption
·Estimated power consumption
·Processor temperature
When the processor is operating below these limits and the user's workload demands additional performance, the processor frequency will dynamically increase by 133 MHz on short and regular intervals until the upper limit is met or the maximum possible upside for the number of active cores is reached. Conversely, when any of the limits are reached or exceeded, the processor frequency will automatically decrease by 133 MHz until the processor is again operating within its limits.
Dynamically increasing performance
As an independent and complimentary feature, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) along with Intel Turbo Boost Technology increases performance of both multi-threaded and single threaded workloads. Intel Turbo Boost Technology is activated when the Operating System (OS) requests the highest processor performance state (P0).
The maximum frequency of Intel® Turbo Boost Technology is dependent on the number of active cores. The amount of time the processor spends in the Intel Turbo Boost Technology state depends on the workload and operating environment, providing the performance you need, when and where you need it.
Any of the following can set the upper limit of Intel Turbo Boost Technology on a given workload:
·Number of active cores
·Estimated current consumption
·Estimated power consumption
·Processor temperature
When the processor is operating below these limits and the user's workload demands additional performance, the processor frequency will dynamically increase by 133 MHz on short and regular intervals until the upper limit is met or the maximum possible upside for the number of active cores is reached. Conversely, when any of the limits are reached or exceeded, the processor frequency will automatically decrease by 133 MHz until the processor is again operating within its limits.
Intel® Multi-Core Technology
Permanently altering the course of computing as we know it, Intel® multi-core technology provides new levels of energy efficient performance, enabled by advanced parallel processing and hafnium-based 45nm technology. Incorporating multiple processor execution cores in a single package delivering full parallel execution of multiple software threads, Intel multi-core technology enables higher levels of performance while each core runs at a lower frequency, dividing the power typically required by a higher frequency single core processor with equivalent performance. This provides a breakthrough experience in notebook and desktop PCs, workstations, and servers.
Central to our technology roadmap, Intel® multi-core processors based on 45nm are paving the way to the next revolution in processor technology—32nm multi-core processors. By innovating future architectures that can hold dozens or even hundreds of processors on a single die, we're ensuring that Intel® technologies will continue to keep pace with demands well into the future.
Central to our technology roadmap, Intel® multi-core processors based on 45nm are paving the way to the next revolution in processor technology—32nm multi-core processors. By innovating future architectures that can hold dozens or even hundreds of processors on a single die, we're ensuring that Intel® technologies will continue to keep pace with demands well into the future.
Intel® Core™2 Duo Processor
Investing in new PCs with Intel® Core™2 processor family can mean big savings for your business. Delivering faster performance, greater energy efficiency, and more responsive multitasking, desktop PCs with Intel® Core™2 processor family can help your whole company be more productive.
By combining breakthrough processing speeds with advanced power saving features, desktop PCs with Intel® Core™2 processor family let you get more done in less time than ever before reducing energy costs by an average of 50 percent.¹ Processors built with Intel's unique 45nm technology offer excellent performance as well as unique energy-saving features that help PCs meet ENERGY STAR² requirements. That means reduced power consumption for desktop PCs and lower energy costs for your company.
By combining breakthrough processing speeds with advanced power saving features, desktop PCs with Intel® Core™2 processor family let you get more done in less time than ever before reducing energy costs by an average of 50 percent.¹ Processors built with Intel's unique 45nm technology offer excellent performance as well as unique energy-saving features that help PCs meet ENERGY STAR² requirements. That means reduced power consumption for desktop PCs and lower energy costs for your company.
Intel® Core™2 Quad Processors
Introducing the Intel® Core™2 Quad processor for desktop PCs, designed to handle massive compute and visualization workloads enabled by powerful multi-core technology. Providing all the bandwidth you need for next-generation highly-threaded applications, the latest four-core Intel Core 2 Quad processors are built on 45nm Intel® Core™ microarchitecture enabling faster, cooler, and quieter desktop PC and workstation experiences.
Plus, with optional Intel® vPro™ technology, you have the ability to remotely isolate, diagnose, and repair infected desktop and mobile workstations wirelessly and outside of the firewall, even if the PC is off, or the OS is unresponsive.
Plus, with optional Intel® vPro™ technology, you have the ability to remotely isolate, diagnose, and repair infected desktop and mobile workstations wirelessly and outside of the firewall, even if the PC is off, or the OS is unresponsive.
Intel® Core™2 Extreme Processor
Extreme exhilaration. Extreme enjoyment.
Whether it's gaming, digital photography, or video editing, today's high-impact entertainment demands breakthrough technology. Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency.
Your options, multiplied
Intel® Core™2 Extreme quad-core processor
When more is better—with four processing cores the Intel Core 2 Extreme processor delivers unrivaled¹ performance for the latest, greatest generation of multi-threaded games and multimedia apps.Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency. The Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX9770 running at 3.2 GHz delivers the best possible experience for today's most demanding users.· 12 MB of total L2 cache· 1600 MHz front side bus
Whether it's gaming, digital photography, or video editing, today's high-impact entertainment demands breakthrough technology. Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency.
Your options, multiplied
Intel® Core™2 Extreme quad-core processor
When more is better—with four processing cores the Intel Core 2 Extreme processor delivers unrivaled¹ performance for the latest, greatest generation of multi-threaded games and multimedia apps.Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency. The Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX9770 running at 3.2 GHz delivers the best possible experience for today's most demanding users.· 12 MB of total L2 cache· 1600 MHz front side bus
Intel® Core™ i5 Processor
Unleash the multimedia multitasker within
With intelligent performance that accelerates in response to demanding tasks, such as playing games and editing photos, the new Intel® Core™ i5 processor moves faster when you do.
The Intel Core i5 processor automatically allocates processing power where it's needed most.¹ Whether you’re creating HD video, composing digital music, editing photos, or playing the coolest PC games—with the new Intel Core i5 processor you can multitask with ease and be more productive than ever.
Product information
·2.66 GHz and up to 3.20 GHz with Intel® Turbo Boost Technology
·4 processing threads
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·2 channels of DDR3 1333 MHz memory
With intelligent performance that accelerates in response to demanding tasks, such as playing games and editing photos, the new Intel® Core™ i5 processor moves faster when you do.
The Intel Core i5 processor automatically allocates processing power where it's needed most.¹ Whether you’re creating HD video, composing digital music, editing photos, or playing the coolest PC games—with the new Intel Core i5 processor you can multitask with ease and be more productive than ever.
Product information
·2.66 GHz and up to 3.20 GHz with Intel® Turbo Boost Technology
·4 processing threads
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·2 channels of DDR3 1333 MHz memory
Intel® Core™ i7 Processor
Brilliantly fast
With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies processing power where it's needed most, new Intel® Core™ i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processor family on the planet.¹
You'll multitask applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which maximizes performance to match your workload.
Product information
·3.06 GHz, 2.93 GHz, and 2.66 GHz core speed
·8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory
With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies processing power where it's needed most, new Intel® Core™ i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processor family on the planet.¹
You'll multitask applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which maximizes performance to match your workload.
Product information
·3.06 GHz, 2.93 GHz, and 2.66 GHz core speed
·8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory
Intel® Core™ i7 Processor Extreme Edition
Wield the ultimate gaming weapon
Conquer the world of extreme gaming with the fastest performing processor on the planet: the Intel® Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition.¹ With faster, intelligent multi-core technology that accelerates performance to match your workload, it delivers an incredible breakthrough in gaming performance.
But performance doesn't stop at gaming. You'll multitask 25 percent faster and unleash incredible digital media creation with up to 79 percent faster video encoding and up to 46 percent faster image rendering, plus incredible performance for photo retouching and editing.¹
In fact, you'll experience maximum performance for whatever you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which activates full processing power exactly where and when you need it most.
Product information
·3.20 GHz and 3.33GHz core speed
·8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory
Conquer the world of extreme gaming with the fastest performing processor on the planet: the Intel® Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition.¹ With faster, intelligent multi-core technology that accelerates performance to match your workload, it delivers an incredible breakthrough in gaming performance.
But performance doesn't stop at gaming. You'll multitask 25 percent faster and unleash incredible digital media creation with up to 79 percent faster video encoding and up to 46 percent faster image rendering, plus incredible performance for photo retouching and editing.¹
In fact, you'll experience maximum performance for whatever you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which activates full processing power exactly where and when you need it most.
Product information
·3.20 GHz and 3.33GHz core speed
·8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
·8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
·3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory
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